Physical SciencesSpecialization of Geological and Earth Sciences/Geosciences

Best institutions to study Geology/Earth Science

CIP 40.0601

A program that focuses on the scientific study of the earth; the forces acting upon it; and the behavior of the solids, liquids and gases comprising it.

433 U.S. institutions graduated 5,615 Geology/Earth Science students in 2024–25 (IPEDS). It is CIP 40.0601, a specialization of Geological and Earth Sciences/Geosciences (CIP 40.06), and leads most directly to the Geological Technicians, Except Hydrologic Technicians occupation (BLS SOC 19-4043).

Institutions
433
offering CIP 40.0601
States & territories
51
with graduates reported
Graduates / yr
5,615
IPEDS completions 2024–25
Women
51%
share of graduates
US median pay · Geological Technicians, Except Hydrologic Technicians
$53,350
BLS OEWS May 2025
Share of Geological and Earth Sciences/Geosciences
75%
of all Geological and Earth Sciences/Geosciences graduates

About Geology/Earth Science programs

Official NCES definition · CIP 40.0601
A program that focuses on the scientific study of the earth; the forces acting upon it; and the behavior of the solids, liquids and gases comprising it. Includes instruction in historical geology, geomorphology, and sedimentology, the chemistry of rocks and soils, stratigraphy, mineralogy, petrology, geostatistics, volcanology, glaciology, geophysical principles, and applications to research and industrial problems.

See also: 14.3901 - Geological/Geophysical Engineering.

Source: National Center for Education Statistics, Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP 2020).

The Geology/Earth Science program, also known as Geological and Earth Sciences/Geosciences, focuses on the scientific study of the Earth and the forces that act upon it. This program is designed for students interested in understanding the behavior of the Earth's solids, liquids, and gases, while exploring various geological processes and phenomena. It is ideal for those who are passionate about the physical sciences and wish to contribute to environmental and geological research.

Learn more about Geology/Earth Science →

What you'll learn

Students in this program will gain knowledge in historical geology, sedimentology, mineralogy, and geophysical principles. Coursework typically includes hands-on experiences in testing and analyzing geological samples, preparing geological maps, and participating in field surveys, equipping graduates with essential skills for their future careers.

Credentials awarded

What Geology/Earth Science graduates earned in 2024–25, by award level (IPEDS completions).

  • Bachelor's degree3,832 graduates / yr · 352 institutions
    68%
  • Master's degree1,034 graduates / yr · 161 institutions
    18%
  • Doctor's degree - research/scholarship503 graduates / yr · 107 institutions
    9.0%
  • Associate's degree152 graduates / yr · 67 institutions
    2.7%
  • Award of at least 12 weeks but less than 1 academic year51 graduates / yr · 10 institutions
    0.9%
  • Postbaccalaureate certificate24 graduates / yr · 5 institutions
    0.4%
  • Post-master's certificate18 graduates / yr · 1 institution
    0.3%
  • Award of at least 1 but less than 2 academic years1 graduates / yr · 1 institution
    0.0%

Graduates over time

Geology/Earth Science completions reported to IPEDS each year, all award levels combined.

5,615graduates in 2025
-9% since 2012
7,664 · 2018201220256,1455,615
Graduates per year (IPEDS completions)
YearGraduates
20126,145
20136,556
20146,979
20157,395
20167,584
20177,653
20187,664
20197,360
20206,862
20215,861
20226,050
20235,708
20245,543
20255,615

Top 50 institutions for Geology/Earth Science, ranked by graduates

Graduates (IPEDS completions), 2024–25. Award levels show which credentials each institution confers in this specialization.

#InstitutionGraduates / yrGrad rateNet priceField earnings* (1 yr)
1Mississippi State University
Mississippi State, MSPublicBachelor'sMaster's
15767%—$42,298
2Washington State University
Pullman, WAPublicBachelor'sMaster'sDoctoral
12760%—$33,178
3University of North Carolina at Charlotte
Charlotte, NCPublicBachelor'sMaster's
8369%—$37,717
4University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
Ann Arbor, MIPublicBachelor'sDoctoralMaster's
8093%—$45,974
5The University of Texas at Austin
Austin, TXPublicBachelor'sDoctoralMaster's
8089%—$42,062
6Texas A&M University - College Station
College Station, TXPublicBachelor'sMaster'sDoctoralAward of at least 12 weeks but less than 1 academic year
7584%—$44,585
7University of Pittsburgh - Pittsburgh Campus
Pittsburgh, PAPublicBachelor'sDoctoralMaster's
7185%—$38,652
8Stanford University
Stanford, CAPrivate not-for-profitBachelor'sMaster's
6392%$12,032—
9Columbia University in the City of New York
New York, NYPrivate not-for-profitMaster'sDoctoralMaster'sBachelor's
6196%$15,315$34,658
10Purdue University - Main Campus
West Lafayette, INPublicBachelor'sMaster'sDoctoral
6183%—$39,692
11University of California - Irvine
Irvine, CAPublicBachelor'sDoctoralMaster's
6087%—$38,804
12University of California - Santa Cruz
Santa Cruz, CAPublicBachelor'sDoctoralMaster's
5875%—$43,362
13University of California - Santa Barbara
Santa Barbara, CAPublicBachelor'sDoctoralMaster's
5783%—$30,759
14Ohio University - Main Campus
Athens, OHPublicMaster'sBachelor's
5265%—$38,637
15Western Washington University
Bellingham, WAPublicBachelor'sMaster's
5065%—$36,802
16Montana State University
Bozeman, MTPublicBachelor'sMaster'sDoctoral
4557%—$29,030
17Pennsylvania State University - Main Campus
University Park, PAPublicBachelor'sDoctoralMaster's
4586%—$53,908
18Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Blacksburg, VAPublicBachelor'sDoctoralMaster's
4386%——
19University of California - San Diego
La Jolla, CAPublicBachelor'sMaster'sDoctoral
4286%——
20Colorado State University - Fort Collins
Fort Collins, COPublicBachelor'sMaster'sDoctoral
4067%—$41,158
21University of Houston
Houston, TXPublicBachelor'sMaster'sDoctoral
4065%——
22University of Colorado Boulder
Boulder, COPublicBachelor'sDoctoralMaster's
3874%—$46,263
23Miami University - Oxford
Oxford, OHPublicBachelor'sMaster'sDoctoral
3880%—$38,478
24The University of Tennessee - Knoxville
Knoxville, TNPublicBachelor'sMaster'sDoctoral
3874%—$30,101
25Commonwealth University of Pennsylvania
Bloomsburg, PAPublicBachelor's
3854%—$43,112
26University of California - Davis
Davis, CAPublicBachelor'sDoctoralMaster's
3786%—$43,462
27University of Florida
Gainesville, FLPublicBachelor'sDoctoralAward of at least 12 weeks but less than 1 academic year
3691%—$40,691
28Ohio State University - Main Campus
Columbus, OHPublicBachelor'sDoctoralMaster'sAward of at least 12 weeks but less than 1 academic year
3588%—$41,156
29University of Hawaii at Manoa
Honolulu, HIPublicBachelor'sMaster'sDoctoral
3464%——
30University of Illinois Chicago
Chicago, ILPublicBachelor'sMaster'sDoctoral
3462%—$37,280
31Fort Hays State University
Hays, KSPublicBachelor'sMaster's
3448%—$43,421
32Appalachian State University
Boone, NCPublicBachelor's
3375%—$35,021
33University of California - Riverside
Riverside, CAPublicBachelor'sDoctoralMaster's
3276%—$22,998
34Oklahoma State University - Main Campus
Stillwater, OKPublicBachelor'sMaster'sDoctoral
3268%——
35University of Nevada - Las Vegas
Las Vegas, NVPublicBachelor's
3151%—$41,963
36University of New Mexico - Main Campus
Albuquerque, NMPublicBachelor'sMaster'sDoctoral
3155%——
37University of Oregon
Eugene, ORPublicBachelor'sDoctoralMaster's
3172%——
38University of Arizona
Tucson, AZPublicBachelor'sDoctoralMaster's
3068%—$38,617
39Florida International University
Miami, FLPublicBachelor'sDoctoralPost-degree cert.Master's
3074%——
40Yale University
New Haven, CTPrivate not-for-profitBachelor'sMaster'sDoctoral
2996%$27,025—
41Georgia State University
Atlanta, GAPublicBachelor's
2853%—$39,375
42Portland State University
Portland, ORPublicBachelor'sMaster's
2853%—$37,831
43The University of Texas at Dallas
Richardson, TXPublicBachelor'sMaster'sDoctoral
2876%——
44Central Washington University
Ellensburg, WAPublicBachelor'sMaster's
2854%——
45West Virginia University
Morgantown, WVPublicBachelor'sMaster'sDoctoral
2865%—$36,382
46University of Arkansas
Fayetteville, ARPublicBachelor'sMaster'sDoctoral
2671%—$31,087
47University of South Florida
Tampa, FLPublicBachelor'sMaster'sDoctoral
2677%—$48,565
48University of Oklahoma - Norman Campus
Norman, OKPublicBachelor'sMaster'sDoctoral
2675%——
49Brown University
Providence, RIPrivate not-for-profitMaster'sBachelor'sDoctoral
2696%$14,644—
50Texas Tech University
Lubbock, TXPublicBachelor'sMaster'sDoctoral
2669%—$49,727

* Median earnings 1 year after graduation for the broader Geological and Earth Sciences/Geosciences field (CIP 40.06) at these institutions; College Scorecard does not publish earnings at the 6-digit level.

Offered in 51 states & territories

Where Geology/Earth Science graduates come from. Each state links to all Geological and Earth Sciences/Geosciences programs offered there.

StateInstitutionsGraduates / yrTop institution by graduates
California68707Stanford University63 / yr
Texas31501The University of Texas at Austin80 / yr
New York33360Columbia University in the City of New York61 / yr
Pennsylvania21281University of Pittsburgh - Pittsburgh Campus71 / yr
Washington8257Washington State University127 / yr
Ohio21254Ohio University - Main Campus52 / yr
North Carolina9195University of North Carolina at Charlotte83 / yr
Mississippi5171Mississippi State University157 / yr
Michigan14165University of Michigan - Ann Arbor80 / yr
Tennessee10159The University of Tennessee - Knoxville38 / yr
Colorado13147Colorado State University - Fort Collins40 / yr
Massachusetts14144Boston University20 / yr
Florida6129University of Florida36 / yr
Illinois10127University of Illinois Chicago34 / yr
Indiana11124Purdue University - Main Campus61 / yr
Virginia6114Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University43 / yr
New Jersey11104Montclair State University25 / yr
Utah9104University of Utah25 / yr
Minnesota1299Carleton College21 / yr
Wisconsin1099University of Wisconsin - Madison25 / yr
Oregon588University of Oregon31 / yr
Arizona885University of Arizona30 / yr
Georgia682Georgia State University28 / yr
Kansas575Fort Hays State University34 / yr
Maine467Bowdoin College24 / yr
Montana364Montana State University45 / yr
Oklahoma462Oklahoma State University - Main Campus32 / yr
Connecticut462Yale University29 / yr
South Carolina559University of South Carolina - Columbia22 / yr
Missouri557University of Missouri - Columbia23 / yr
Louisiana557Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College19 / yr
Kentucky656University of Kentucky16 / yr
Idaho853Boise State University19 / yr
New Mexico552University of New Mexico - Main Campus31 / yr
Arkansas351University of Arkansas26 / yr
Nevada249University of Nevada - Las Vegas31 / yr
Maryland438University of Maryland - College Park19 / yr
Hawaii238University of Hawaii at Manoa34 / yr
New Hampshire238Dartmouth College22 / yr
Alabama336The University of Alabama18 / yr
Iowa434University of Iowa19 / yr
West Virginia333West Virginia University28 / yr
Rhode Island126Brown University26 / yr
Wyoming223University of Wyoming20 / yr
Nebraska220University of Nebraska - Lincoln17 / yr
Alaska214University of Alaska Anchorage7 / yr
North Dakota313North Dakota State University - Main Campus9 / yr
Puerto Rico113University of Puerto Rico - Mayaguez13 / yr
Vermont210University of Vermont8 / yr
Delaware110University of Delaware10 / yr
South Dakota19South Dakota School of Mines and Technology9 / yr

Careers & outlook

The payoff after graduation: occupation 19-4043, Geological Technicians, Except Hydrologic Technicians, and its national outlook.

Graduates of the Geology/Earth Science program can pursue various careers, including roles as geological technicians and geoscientists. The job outlook shows little or no change, with an annual opening of approximately 1,300 positions and a median wage of $48,390. Most positions typically require at least an associate's degree.

Projected growth (2024–2034)
+1.5%
Little or no change
Openings / yr (US)
~1,300
BLS Employment Projections
US median wage
$48,390
typically Associate's degree
National employment
6,980
Geological Technicians, Except Hydrologic Technicians
US average pay
$61,870
annual, BLS OEWS May 2025
US median pay
$53,350
annual

Top-paying metros

San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA
$109,230avg
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA
$92,180avg
Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO
$88,350avg
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA
$78,890avg
Boise City, ID
$72,440avg

Career pathways for CIP 40.0601

The occupations the NCES crosswalk maps this 6-digit code to, with BLS pay and 10-year outlook.

OccupationUS median payGrowthOpenings / yrTypical entry education
Geological Technicians, Except Hydrologic Techniciansprimary
SOC 19-4043
$53,350+1.5%
Little or no change
~1,300Associate's degree
Natural Sciences Managers
SOC 11-9121
$167,220+3.7%
About as fast as average
~8,500Bachelor's degree
Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers
SOC 19-2042
$101,920+3.2%
About as fast as average
~2,000Bachelor's degree
Atmospheric, Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary
SOC 25-1051
$103,170+2.6%
About as fast as average
~1,000Doctoral or professional degree
Hydrologists
SOC 19-2043
$96,600-0.1%
Little or no change
~500Bachelor's degree
Preparation needed

Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed

Education
Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's degree, but some do not.
Experience
A considerable amount of work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is needed for these occupations. For example, an accountant must complete four years of college and work for several years in accounting to be considered qualified.
Training
Employees in these occupations usually need several years of work-related experience, on-the-job training, and/or vocational training.

Related careers

Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers
$116,150 avg · 23,470 jobs
Atmospheric, Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary
$116,020 avg · 9,900 jobs
Geological Technicians, Except Hydrologic Technicians
$61,870 avg · 6,980 jobs
Hydrologists
$103,600 avg · 5,850 jobs

Skills & knowledge in Geology/Earth Science programs

From the U.S. Dept. of Labor for the occupation this specialization most leads to.

Skills you'll build

Reading Comprehension
Critical Thinking
Monitoring
Writing
Active Listening
Speaking
Mathematics
Active Learning

Knowledge areas

Computers and Electronics
Mathematics
Engineering and Technology
English Language
Chemistry
Physics

Abilities that matter most

Written Comprehension
Oral Comprehension
Near Vision
Information Ordering
Inductive Reasoning
Written Expression

Day-to-day work activities

Documenting/Recording Information
Working with Computers
Getting Information
Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates
Processing Information
Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work

What graduates do on the job

  • Test and analyze samples to determine their content and characteristics, using laboratory apparatus or testing equipment.
  • Collect or prepare solid or fluid samples for analysis.
  • Compile, log, or record testing or operational data for review and further analysis.
  • Prepare notes, sketches, geological maps, or cross-sections.
  • Participate in geological, geophysical, geochemical, hydrographic, or oceanographic surveys, prospecting field trips, exploratory drilling, well logging, or underground mine survey programs.
  • Prepare or review professional, technical, or other reports regarding sampling, testing, or recommendations of data analysis.

Tools and technology used

Adobe IllustratorAutodesk AutoCADClark Labs IDRISI AndesCorel CorelDraw Graphics SuiteDatabase softwareDynamic Graphics EarthVisionESRI ArcGIS softwareGeographic information system GIS software

Other Geological and Earth Sciences/Geosciences specializations

The 7 other 6-digit CIP codes under Geological and Earth Sciences/Geosciences (CIP 40.06).

Common questions

What degrees can I earn in this program?+

You can earn a Bachelor's, Master's, Doctor's, or Associate's degree in Geology/Earth Science.

What skills will I develop?+

You will develop skills in critical thinking, mathematics, and active learning, among others.

What types of jobs can I get?+

You can work as a geological technician, geoscientist, or in various related roles.

What is the job outlook for this field?+

The job outlook shows little or no change, with about 1,300 annual openings.

What is the CIP code for Geology/Earth Science?+

Geology/Earth Science is CIP 40.0601 in the NCES Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP 2020), a 6-digit specialization within Geological and Earth Sciences/Geosciences (CIP 40.06). NCES defines it as: A program that focuses on the scientific study of the earth; the forces acting upon it; and the behavior of the solids, liquids and gases comprising it. Includes instruction in historical geology, geomorphology, and sedimentology, the chemistry of rocks and soils, stratigraphy, mineralogy, petrology, geostatistics, volcanology, glaciology, geophysical principles, and applications to research and industrial problems.

How many institutions offer Geology/Earth Science programs?+

433 U.S. institutions reported Geology/Earth Science graduates in IPEDS 2024–25, across 51 states & territories, awarding 5,615 credentials in the year. That is 74.7% of all Geological and Earth Sciences/Geosciences graduates.

How much do Geology/Earth Science graduates earn?+

Earnings are not published at the 6-digit CIP level by any federal source. The Geological Technicians, Except Hydrologic Technicians occupation, which Geology/Earth Science most directly leads to, pays a median of $53,350 a year nationally (BLS OEWS May 2025), and graduates of the broader Geological and Earth Sciences/Geosciences field report median earnings of $40,005 one year after graduation (College Scorecard).

About the data on this page

Every figure comes from an official federal or public source. Here is each one and the release it is currently on.

IPEDSFall 2025–26 release, published July 28, 2026
Enrollment, completions, graduation rates, tuition, financial aid, staffing, and finance for every U.S. institution in federal student aid programs.
College ScorecardJune 10, 2026 release (merged 2025–26 files)
Institution and field-of-study costs, graduate earnings, debt, completion, and admissions outcomes compiled from federal aid records, tax data, and IPEDS.
BLS wages & outlookOEWS May 2025 release
Occupational employment and wage estimates plus 10-year job outlook, used to connect programs to real-world earnings.

Program definitions are from the NCES Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP 2020). Skills, knowledge, abilities, work activities, tools, and job zones are from the O*NET database by the U.S. Department of Labor, used under the CC BY 4.0 license.

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