Philosophy And Religious StudiesSpecialization of Philosophy

Best institutions to study Logic

CIP 38.0102

A program that focuses on the systematic study of valid inference, argument, and sound reasoning.

4 U.S. institutions graduated 19 Logic students in 2024–25 (IPEDS). It is CIP 38.0102, a specialization of Philosophy (CIP 38.01), and leads most directly to the Mathematicians occupation (BLS SOC 15-2021).

Institutions
4
offering CIP 38.0102
States offered
4
with graduates reported
Graduates / yr
19
IPEDS completions 2024–25
Women
42%
share of graduates
US median pay · Mathematicians
$126,710
BLS OEWS May 2025
Share of Philosophy
0.2%
of all Philosophy graduates

About Logic programs

Official NCES definition · CIP 38.0102
A program that focuses on the systematic study of valid inference, argument, and sound reasoning. Includes instruction in Classical logic, properties of argument, validity, proof, fallacies, formal and material logic, symbolic and mathematical logic, analysis, specific schools of logic, and applications to problems in other academic disciplines and professional fields.

Source: National Center for Education Statistics, Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP 2020).

The Logic program, a subset of Philosophy, focuses on the systematic study of valid inference, argument, and sound reasoning. This program is ideal for students interested in enhancing their critical thinking and analytical skills, applicable across various academic disciplines and professional fields. Students will explore classical logic, fallacies, and formal and material logic, preparing them for advanced reasoning challenges.

Learn more about Logic →

What you'll learn

In this program, students will develop core skills in mathematics, critical thinking, reading comprehension, and writing. Coursework typically includes instruction in symbolic and mathematical logic, analysis, and the study of different schools of logic, equipping students with essential tools for effective reasoning.

Credentials awarded

What Logic graduates earned in 2024–25, by award level (IPEDS completions).

  • Master's degree10 graduates / yr · 1 institution
    53%
  • Award of at least 12 weeks but less than 1 academic year6 graduates / yr · 2 institutions
    32%
  • Bachelor's degree2 graduates / yr · 1 institution
    11%
  • Postbaccalaureate certificate1 graduates / yr · 1 institution
    5.3%

Graduates over time

Logic completions reported to IPEDS each year, all award levels combined.

19graduates in 2025
+19% since 2012
22 · 2021201220251619
Graduates per year (IPEDS completions)
YearGraduates
201216
201312
201412
201518
201615
201721
201816
201918
202016
202122
202220
202321
202411
202519

Top 4 institutions for Logic, ranked by graduates

Graduates (IPEDS completions), 2024–25. Award levels show which credentials each institution confers in this specialization.

#InstitutionGraduates / yrGrad rateNet price
1Carnegie Mellon University
Pittsburgh, PAPrivate not-for-profitMaster'sBachelor's
1294%$23,803
2Central Michigan University
Mount Pleasant, MIPublicAward of at least 12 weeks but less than 1 academic year
559%—
3University of Connecticut
Storrs, CTPublicPost-degree cert.
183%—
4Missouri University of Science and Technology
Rolla, MOPublicAward of at least 12 weeks but less than 1 academic year
164%—

Offered in 4 states

Where Logic graduates come from. Each state links to all Philosophy programs offered there.

Careers & outlook

The payoff after graduation: occupation 15-2021, Mathematicians, and its national outlook.

Graduates of the Logic program can pursue careers as mathematicians, mathematical science teachers, or natural sciences managers. The job outlook shows little to no change, with an annual opening of about 100 positions and a median wage of $121,680, typically requiring a master's degree for advancement.

Projected growth (2024–2034)
-0.7%
Little or no change
Openings / yr (US)
~100
BLS Employment Projections
US median wage
$121,680
typically Master's degree
National employment
2,030
Mathematicians
US average pay
$129,260
annual, BLS OEWS May 2025
US median pay
$126,710
annual

Top-paying metros

Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA
$167,380avg
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV
$157,500avg
San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA
$144,930avg
New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ
$144,880avg
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN
$123,510avg

Career pathways for CIP 38.0102

The occupations the NCES crosswalk maps this 6-digit code to, with BLS pay and 10-year outlook.

OccupationUS median payGrowthOpenings / yrTypical entry education
Mathematiciansprimary
SOC 15-2021
$126,710-0.7%
Little or no change
~100Master's degree
Natural Sciences Managers
SOC 11-9121
$167,220+3.7%
About as fast as average
~8,500Bachelor's degree
Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary
SOC 25-1022
$79,940+2.3%
About as fast as average
~4,400Doctoral or professional degree
Preparation needed

Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed

Education
Most of these occupations require graduate school. For example, they may require a master's degree, and some require a Ph.D., M.D., or J.D. (law degree).
Experience
Extensive skill, knowledge, and experience are needed for these occupations. Many require more than five years of experience. For example, surgeons must complete four years of college and an additional five to seven years of specialized medical training to be able to do their job.
Training
Employees may need some on-the-job training, but most of these occupations assume that the person will already have the required skills, knowledge, work-related experience, and/or training.

Related careers

Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary
$91,550 avg · 47,670 jobs
Mathematicians
$129,260 avg · 2,030 jobs

Skills & knowledge in Logic programs

From the U.S. Dept. of Labor for the occupation this specialization most leads to.

Skills you'll build

Mathematics
Critical Thinking
Reading Comprehension
Active Learning
Science
Writing
Active Listening
Speaking

Knowledge areas

Mathematics
Education and Training
Computers and Electronics
English Language
Physics
Engineering and Technology

Abilities that matter most

Mathematical Reasoning
Number Facility
Oral Expression
Written Comprehension
Written Expression
Oral Comprehension

Day-to-day work activities

Thinking Creatively
Analyzing Data or Information
Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge
Processing Information
Working with Computers
Training and Teaching Others

What graduates do on the job

  • Mentor others on mathematical techniques.
  • Maintain knowledge in the field by reading professional journals, talking with other mathematicians, and attending professional conferences.
  • Develop new principles and new relationships between existing mathematical principles to advance mathematical science.
  • Disseminate research by writing reports, publishing papers, or presenting at professional conferences.
  • Assemble sets of assumptions, and explore the consequences of each set.
  • Perform computations and apply methods of numerical analysis to data.

Tools and technology used

Adobe PhotoshopAlgaeAMPLAnalyse-itAnalysis and Visualization of Time Sequences AVTSApfloatApple macOSApple Shazam

Other Philosophy specializations

The 4 other 6-digit CIP codes under Philosophy (CIP 38.01).

Common questions

What degrees can I earn in this program?+

You can earn a Master's degree, a Bachelor's degree, or an Award of at least 12 weeks but less than 1 academic year.

What skills will I develop?+

You will develop skills in mathematics, critical thinking, reading comprehension, and effective writing.

What careers can I pursue with this degree?+

You can work as a mathematician, mathematical science teacher, or natural sciences manager.

What is the job outlook for this field?+

The job outlook shows little or no change, with an annual opening of about 100 positions.

What is the CIP code for Logic?+

Logic is CIP 38.0102 in the NCES Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP 2020), a 6-digit specialization within Philosophy (CIP 38.01). NCES defines it as: A program that focuses on the systematic study of valid inference, argument, and sound reasoning. Includes instruction in Classical logic, properties of argument, validity, proof, fallacies, formal and material logic, symbolic and mathematical logic, analysis, specific schools of logic, and applications to problems in other academic disciplines and professional fields.

How many institutions offer Logic programs?+

4 U.S. institutions reported Logic graduates in IPEDS 2024–25, across 4 states, awarding 19 credentials in the year. That is 0.2% of all Philosophy graduates.

How much do Logic graduates earn?+

Earnings are not published at the 6-digit CIP level by any federal source. The Mathematicians occupation, which Logic most directly leads to, pays a median of $126,710 a year nationally (BLS OEWS May 2025).

About the data on this page

Every figure comes from an official federal or public source. Here is each one and the release it is currently on.

IPEDSFall 2025–26 release, published July 28, 2026
Enrollment, completions, graduation rates, tuition, financial aid, staffing, and finance for every U.S. institution in federal student aid programs.
College ScorecardJune 10, 2026 release (merged 2025–26 files)
Institution and field-of-study costs, graduate earnings, debt, completion, and admissions outcomes compiled from federal aid records, tax data, and IPEDS.
BLS wages & outlookOEWS May 2025 release
Occupational employment and wage estimates plus 10-year job outlook, used to connect programs to real-world earnings.

Program definitions are from the NCES Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP 2020). Skills, knowledge, abilities, work activities, tools, and job zones are from the O*NET database by the U.S. Department of Labor, used under the CC BY 4.0 license.

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