Physical SciencesSpecialization of Astronomy and Astrophysics

Best institutions to study Astronomy and Astrophysics

CIP 40.0299

Any instructional program in astronomy and astrophysics not listed above.

12 U.S. institutions graduated 133 Astronomy and Astrophysics students in 2024–25 (IPEDS). It is CIP 40.0299, a specialization of Astronomy and Astrophysics (CIP 40.02), and leads most directly to the Astronomers occupation (BLS SOC 19-2011).

Other Astronomy and Astrophysics specializations
Institutions
12
offering CIP 40.0299
States offered
11
with graduates reported
Graduates / yr
133
IPEDS completions 2024–25
Women
40%
share of graduates
US median pay · Astronomers
$128,820
BLS OEWS May 2025
Share of Astronomy and Astrophysics
8.2%
of all Astronomy and Astrophysics graduates

About Astronomy and Astrophysics programs

Official NCES definition · CIP 40.0299
Any instructional program in astronomy and astrophysics not listed above.

Source: National Center for Education Statistics, Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP 2020).

The Astronomy and Astrophysics program focuses on the study of celestial phenomena, encompassing both theoretical and observational aspects of the universe. This program is designed for students passionate about understanding the cosmos and who wish to engage in scientific research and exploration of astronomical concepts. Students in this program will gain a comprehensive understanding of physical sciences, preparing them for advanced studies or careers in various fields related to astronomy and astrophysics. With a blend of rigorous coursework and practical experience, graduates will be equipped to contribute to the scientific community and tackle complex astronomical challenges.

Learn more about Astronomy and Astrophysics →

What you'll learn

In the Astronomy and Astrophysics program, students will develop essential skills in reading comprehension, mathematics, and critical thinking. Core knowledge areas include physics, computers and electronics, and engineering technology, providing a solid foundation for analyzing research data and studying celestial phenomena.

Credentials awarded

What Astronomy and Astrophysics graduates earned in 2024–25, by award level (IPEDS completions).

  • Bachelor's degree91 graduates / yr · 9 institutions
    68%
  • Master's degree17 graduates / yr · 3 institutions
    13%
  • Doctor's degree - research/scholarship16 graduates / yr · 2 institutions
    12%
  • Postbaccalaureate certificate9 graduates / yr · 1 institution
    6.8%

Graduates over time

Astronomy and Astrophysics completions reported to IPEDS each year, all award levels combined.

133graduates in 2025
+138% since 2012
2012202556133
Graduates per year (IPEDS completions)
YearGraduates
201256
201353
201464
201555
201659
201748
201871
201965
202096
202187
2022112
2023122
2024119
2025133

Top 12 institutions for Astronomy and Astrophysics, ranked by graduates

Graduates (IPEDS completions), 2024–25. Award levels show which credentials each institution confers in this specialization.

#InstitutionGraduates / yrGrad rateNet priceField earnings* (1 yr)
1Florida Institute of Technology
Melbourne, FLPrivate not-for-profitBachelor'sMaster's
3364%$33,585—
2Embry - Riddle Aeronautical University - Daytona Beach
Daytona Beach, FLPrivate not-for-profitBachelor's
2667%$38,899—
3Harvard University
Cambridge, MAPrivate not-for-profitMaster'sBachelor's
2298%$15,013—
4University of California - Los Angeles
Los Angeles, CAPublicDoctoralMaster's
1493%——
5Michigan State University
East Lansing, MIPublicPost-degree cert.
981%—$33,373
6University of Wyoming
Laramie, WYPublicBachelor's
659%——
7Butler University
Indianapolis, INPrivate not-for-profitBachelor's
580%$35,696—
8Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, MDPrivate not-for-profitDoctoral
594%$11,888—
9College of Charleston
Charleston, SCPublicBachelor's
566%——
10George Washington University
Washington, DCPrivate not-for-profitBachelor's
384%$29,789—
11Emory University
Atlanta, GAPrivate not-for-profitBachelor's
391%$20,586—
12Texas Christian University
Fort Worth, TXPrivate not-for-profitBachelor's
286%$25,823—

* Median earnings 1 year after graduation for the broader Astronomy and Astrophysics field (CIP 40.02) at these institutions; College Scorecard does not publish earnings at the 6-digit level.

Offered in 11 states

Where Astronomy and Astrophysics graduates come from. Each state links to all Astronomy and Astrophysics programs offered there.

Careers & outlook

The payoff after graduation: occupation 19-2011, Astronomers, and its national outlook.

Graduates of the Astronomy and Astrophysics program can pursue careers as astronomers, with additional opportunities in natural sciences management and education. The job outlook for this field is about as fast as average, with an expected growth rate of 2.2% and around 100 annual openings. The median wage for astronomers is approximately $132,170, typically requiring a doctoral or professional degree.

Projected growth (2024–2034)
+2.2%
About as fast as average
Openings / yr (US)
~100
BLS Employment Projections
US median wage
$132,170
typically Doctoral or professional degree
National employment
2,120
Astronomers
US average pay
$132,920
annual, BLS OEWS May 2025
US median pay
$128,820
annual

Top-paying metros

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV
$153,770avg

Career pathways for CIP 40.0299

The occupations the NCES crosswalk maps this 6-digit code to, with BLS pay and 10-year outlook.

OccupationUS median payGrowthOpenings / yrTypical entry education
Astronomersprimary
SOC 19-2011
$128,820+2.2%
About as fast as average
~100Doctoral or professional degree
Natural Sciences Managers
SOC 11-9121
$167,220+3.7%
About as fast as average
~8,500Bachelor's degree
Physics Teachers, Postsecondary
SOC 25-1054
$100,310+2.5%
About as fast as average
~1,300Doctoral or professional degree
Atmospheric, Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary
SOC 25-1051
$103,170+2.6%
About as fast as average
~1,000Doctoral or professional degree
Preparation needed

Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed

Education
Most of these occupations require graduate school. For example, they may require a master's degree, and some require a Ph.D., M.D., or J.D. (law degree).
Experience
Extensive skill, knowledge, and experience are needed for these occupations. Many require more than five years of experience. For example, surgeons must complete four years of college and an additional five to seven years of specialized medical training to be able to do their job.
Training
Employees may need some on-the-job training, but most of these occupations assume that the person will already have the required skills, knowledge, work-related experience, and/or training.

Related careers

Physics Teachers, Postsecondary
$111,460 avg · 13,090 jobs
Atmospheric, Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary
$116,020 avg · 9,900 jobs
Astronomers
$132,920 avg · 2,120 jobs

Skills & knowledge in Astronomy and Astrophysics programs

From the U.S. Dept. of Labor for the occupation this specialization most leads to.

Skills you'll build

Reading Comprehension
Science
Writing
Mathematics
Critical Thinking
Active Listening
Active Learning
Speaking

Knowledge areas

Physics
Mathematics
Computers and Electronics
English Language
Education and Training
Engineering and Technology

Abilities that matter most

Oral Comprehension
Deductive Reasoning
Written Expression
Written Comprehension
Oral Expression
Inductive Reasoning

Day-to-day work activities

Working with Computers
Analyzing Data or Information
Getting Information
Processing Information
Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge
Making Decisions and Solving Problems

What graduates do on the job

  • Analyze research data to determine its significance, using computers.
  • Present research findings at scientific conferences and in papers written for scientific journals.
  • Study celestial phenomena, using a variety of ground-based and space-borne telescopes and scientific instruments.
  • Collaborate with other astronomers to carry out research projects.
  • Mentor graduate students and junior colleagues.
  • Supervise students' research on celestial and astronomical phenomena.

Tools and technology used

Abstraction plus reference plus synthesis A++Adaptive optics AO simulation softwareAnalyzeApache HadoopAstronomical Image Processing for Windows AIP4WINAstronomical Image Processing System AIPSAstronomical information processing system AIPS++Avis Fits Viewer

Other Astronomy and Astrophysics specializations

The 3 other 6-digit CIP codes under Astronomy and Astrophysics (CIP 40.02).

Common questions

What degrees can I earn in this program?+

You can earn a Bachelor's, Master's, or Doctor's degree, as well as a Postbaccalaureate certificate.

What skills will I develop?+

You will develop skills in critical thinking, mathematics, science, and effective communication.

What careers are available after graduation?+

You can work as an astronomer, natural sciences manager, or a postsecondary teacher in related fields.

What is the job outlook for astronomers?+

The job outlook is about as fast as average, with a growth rate of 2.2% and approximately 100 openings each year.

What is the CIP code for Astronomy and Astrophysics?+

Astronomy and Astrophysics is CIP 40.0299 in the NCES Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP 2020), a 6-digit specialization within Astronomy and Astrophysics (CIP 40.02). NCES defines it as: Any instructional program in astronomy and astrophysics not listed above.

How many institutions offer Astronomy and Astrophysics programs?+

12 U.S. institutions reported Astronomy and Astrophysics graduates in IPEDS 2024–25, across 11 states, awarding 133 credentials in the year. That is 8.2% of all Astronomy and Astrophysics graduates.

How much do Astronomy and Astrophysics graduates earn?+

Earnings are not published at the 6-digit CIP level by any federal source. The Astronomers occupation, which Astronomy and Astrophysics most directly leads to, pays a median of $128,820 a year nationally (BLS OEWS May 2025), and graduates of the broader Astronomy and Astrophysics field report median earnings of $33,373 one year after graduation (College Scorecard).

Other Astronomy and Astrophysics specializationsAstronomyAstrophysicsPlanetary Astronomy and Science

About the data on this page

Every figure comes from an official federal or public source. Here is each one and the release it is currently on.

IPEDSFall 2025–26 release, published July 28, 2026
Enrollment, completions, graduation rates, tuition, financial aid, staffing, and finance for every U.S. institution in federal student aid programs.
College ScorecardJune 10, 2026 release (merged 2025–26 files)
Institution and field-of-study costs, graduate earnings, debt, completion, and admissions outcomes compiled from federal aid records, tax data, and IPEDS.
BLS wages & outlookOEWS May 2025 release
Occupational employment and wage estimates plus 10-year job outlook, used to connect programs to real-world earnings.

Program definitions are from the NCES Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP 2020). Skills, knowledge, abilities, work activities, tools, and job zones are from the O*NET database by the U.S. Department of Labor, used under the CC BY 4.0 license.

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