Best degree programs for Writers and Authors, ranked by enrollment
19 college programs and 1,471 schools train Writers and Authors. Compare graduates per year, cost and pay, $76,910 median wage, 47,940 U.S. jobs. Federal data.
19 college programs at 1,471 schools train writers and authors, graduating 78,224 people a year (IPEDS completions). The largest is Speech Communication and Rhetoric. The job pays a median of $76,910 (BLS OEWS May 2025).
About writers and authors
Originate and prepare written material, such as scripts, stories, advertisements, and other material.
Fields of study that lead to this job
Grouped at the 4-digit CIP level, the tier our program pages are built on. Numbers are graduates per year.
19 degree programs that lead to this job
Ranked by graduates per year (IPEDS completions). Graduate earnings and debt are College Scorecard figures for people who finished the program, reported at the 4-digit CIP level, so specializations within one field share a figure. That is a different measurement from the occupation-wide wages further down this page.
| # | Program | Graduates / yr | Share of pipeline | Schools | Grad earnings (1 yr) | Median debt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | CIP 09.0101 | 31,248 | 39.9% | 718 | $34,858 | $25,000 |
| 2 | CIP 09.0100 | 11,464 | 14.7% | 375 | $34,858 | $25,000 |
| 3 | CIP 09.0401 | 9,258 | 11.8% | 356 | $34,515 | $24,250 |
| 4 | CIP 09.0102 | 8,696 | 11.1% | 311 | $34,858 | $25,000 |
| 5 | CIP 23.1302 | 7,090 | 9.1% | 448 | $28,725 | $25,250 |
| 6 | CIP 23.1303 | 3,683 | 4.7% | 161 | $28,725 | $25,250 |
| 7 | CIP 23.1304 | 1,283 | 1.6% | 81 | $28,725 | $25,250 |
| 8 | CIP 09.9999 | 1,250 | 1.6% | 65 | $36,931 | $24,500 |
| 9 | CIP 50.0504 | 889 | 1.1% | 52 | $20,667 | $24,994 |
| 10 | CIP 52.0501 | 836 | 1.1% | 57 | $41,000 | $26,000 |
| 11 | CIP 09.0402 | 712 | 0.9% | 49 | $34,515 | $24,250 |
| 12 | CIP 23.1301 | 674 | 0.9% | 101 | $28,725 | $25,250 |
| 13 | CIP 23.1399 | 581 | 0.7% | 16 | $28,725 | $25,250 |
| 14 | CIP 23.1401 | 415 | 0.5% | 59 | $23,868 | $26,552 |
| 15 | CIP 23.1405 | 74 | 0.1% | 6 | $23,868 | $26,552 |
| 16 | CIP 50.0511 | 35 | 0.0% | 2 | $20,667 | $24,994 |
| 17 | CIP 23.1499 | 17 | 0.0% | 6 | $23,868 | $26,552 |
| 18 | CIP 52.0599 | 14 | 0.0% | 2 | $41,000 | $26,000 |
| 19 | CIP 19.0202 | 5 | 0.0% | 2 | $40,949 | $23,344 |
Top 50 schools by graduates into this job
Counting every feeder program a school offers, not just its largest one.
What writers and authors earn
What people already working in this job earn (BLS OEWS May 2025). Not graduate earnings.
Top-paying states
Top-paying metro areas
Job outlook
Bureau of Labor Statistics Employment Projections, 2024 to 2034.
Where the jobs are, state by state
Pick a state for in-state pay, the schools there, and the programs they run.
| State | Median pay | Jobs | Concentration | Schools | Graduates / yr |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| California | $86,480 | 8,390 | 1.49× | 177 | 12,817 |
| New York | — | 7,480 | 2.51× | 108 | 5,252 |
| Texas | $69,990 | 2,320 | 0.54× | 80 | 5,244 |
| Georgia | $74,710 | 820 | 0.55× | 44 | 3,742 |
| Florida | $68,080 | 3,010 | 0.98× | 38 | 3,527 |
| Pennsylvania | $77,410 | 1,080 | 0.58× | 102 | 3,133 |
| Virginia | $85,000 | 1,530 | 1.21× | 36 | 2,945 |
| North Carolina | $63,660 | 1,810 | 1.19× | 41 | 2,871 |
| Ohio | $65,930 | 830 | 0.49× | 57 | 2,607 |
| Arizona | $55,990 | 600 | 0.60× | 22 | 2,536 |
| Massachusetts | $85,260 | 1,350 | 1.20× | 48 | 2,226 |
| Illinois | $68,220 | 2,640 | 1.40× | 48 | 1,997 |
| Indiana | $75,820 | 450 | 0.46× | 37 | 1,653 |
| Missouri | $58,140 | 600 | 0.67× | 39 | 1,569 |
| Maryland | $104,330 | 540 | 0.63× | 22 | 1,535 |
| Colorado | $76,830 | 1,300 | 1.46× | 25 | 1,477 |
| Wisconsin | $64,370 | 710 | 0.78× | 29 | 1,453 |
| Washington | $85,700 | 770 | 0.71× | 18 | 1,402 |
| Utah | $64,530 | 410 | 0.76× | 11 | 1,366 |
| New Jersey | $81,590 | 1,180 | 0.90× | 27 | 1,360 |
| Tennessee | $58,870 | 1,260 | 1.25× | 27 | 1,231 |
| New Hampshire | $71,830 | 180 | 0.85× | 13 | 1,120 |
| Minnesota | $72,810 | 720 | 0.79× | 36 | 1,003 |
| Louisiana | $89,520 | 480 | 0.81× | 18 | 980 |
| Connecticut | $98,460 | 480 | 0.92× | 14 | 962 |
| South Carolina | $51,920 | 520 | 0.74× | 25 | 918 |
| Kentucky | $48,780 | 350 | 0.56× | 22 | 897 |
| Alabama | $66,950 | 180 | 0.28× | 21 | 781 |
| Arkansas | $47,970 | 270 | 0.68× | 16 | 714 |
| Oklahoma | $58,770 | 220 | 0.42× | 24 | 699 |
| Iowa | $61,010 | 290 | 0.60× | 26 | 684 |
| Kansas | $65,840 | 240 | 0.53× | 21 | 640 |
| Oregon | $80,540 | 950 | 1.56× | 15 | 616 |
| District of Columbia | $129,300 | 1,050 | 4.85× | 7 | 518 |
| Idaho | $56,360 | 90 | 0.34× | 10 | 517 |
| Nevada | $63,910 | 190 | 0.39× | 5 | 427 |
| West Virginia | $64,410 | 110 | 0.52× | 11 | 390 |
| Rhode Island | $70,190 | 110 | 0.74× | 10 | 376 |
| Mississippi | $54,180 | 130 | 0.37× | 18 | 372 |
| New Mexico | — | 90 | 0.34× | 8 | 319 |
| Nebraska | $65,470 | 240 | 0.75× | 15 | 302 |
| Hawaiimoderate | — | 60 | 0.30× | 4 | 217 |
| North Dakota | $50,860 | 80 | 0.63× | 8 | 191 |
| Vermont | $94,430 | 110 | 1.23× | 7 | 171 |
| Maine | — | 200 | 0.99× | 8 | 168 |
| South Dakota | $56,700 | 60 | 0.44× | 7 | 106 |
| Montanamoderate | — | 90 | 0.56× | 4 | 105 |
| Wyoming | $49,650 | — | — | 5 | 59 |
Skills and tools
From O*NET, the U.S. Department of Labor's occupational database. Importance is a 1 to 5 scale.
What they do day to day
- Develop advertising campaigns for a wide range of clients, working with an advertising agency's creative director and art director to determine the best way to present advertising information.
- Vary language and tone of messages based on product and medium.
- Present drafts and ideas to clients.
- Discuss with the client the product, advertising themes and methods, and any changes that should be made in advertising copy.
- Review advertising trends, consumer surveys, and other data regarding marketing of goods and services to determine the best way to promote products.
- Write articles, bulletins, sales letters, speeches, and other related informative, marketing and promotional material.
- Conduct research to obtain factual information and authentic detail, using sources such as newspaper accounts, diaries, and interviews.
- Follow appropriate procedures to get copyrights for completed work.
Skills
- Writing4.8
- Reading Comprehension4.2
- Speaking3.9
- Active Listening3.8
- Critical Thinking3.7
- Active Learning3.6
- Monitoring2.9
- Learning Strategies2.8
Knowledge areas
- English Language4.8
- Communications and Media4.1
- Sales and Marketing3.8
- Computers and Electronics3.5
- Customer and Personal Service3.2
- Administrative3.0
Abilities
- Written Expression4.7
- Written Comprehension4.1
- Fluency of Ideas4.1
- Originality4.0
- Oral Comprehension3.9
- Oral Expression3.9
Core activities
- Getting Information4.5
- Thinking Creatively4.3
- Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work3.8
- Selling or Influencing Others3.7
- Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge3.7
- Making Decisions and Solving Problems3.6
Tools and technology
hotmarks an O*NET hot technologyHow to get in
How to become a Writer
Job zone 4 of 5 · SVP 7.0 to < 8.0- Typical entry education
- Bachelor's degree
- On-the-job training
- Long-term on-the-job training
Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's degree, but some do not.
A considerable amount of work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is needed for these occupations. For example, an accountant must complete four years of college and work for several years in accounting to be considered qualified.
Employees in these occupations usually need several years of work-related experience, on-the-job training, and/or vocational training.
Every major mapped to this job
The official federal mapping behind the rankings above.
All 19 majors mapped to Writers and Authors19 of them graduated someone in the latest IPEDS year. NCES CIP 2020 → SOC 2018 crosswalk.+
- 09.0100Communication, General
- 09.0101Speech Communication and Rhetoric
- 09.0102Mass Communication/Media Studies
- 09.0401Journalism
- 09.0402Broadcast Journalism
- 09.9999Communication, Journalism, and Related Programs, Other
- 19.0202Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences Communication
- 23.1301Writing, General
- 23.1302Creative Writing
- 23.1303Professional, Technical, Business, and Scientific Writing
- 23.1304Rhetoric and Composition
- 23.1399Rhetoric and Composition/Writing Studies, Other
- 23.1401General Literature
- 23.1405Children's and Adolescent Literature
- 23.1499Literature, Other
- 50.0504Playwriting and Screenwriting
- 50.0511Comedy Writing and Performance
- 52.0501Business/Corporate Communications, General
- 52.0599Business/Corporate Communications, Other
Related careers
Jobs O*NET identifies as close to this one, with their own pay and outlook.
Common questions
What degree do you need to become a Writer?+
Bachelor's degree is the typical entry-level education BLS reports for this occupation. The most common program people actually graduate from is Speech Communication and Rhetoric, which awarded 31,248 degrees in 2024-25, 39.9% of everyone graduating from a program that feeds this career.
Which college majors lead to becoming a Writer?+
The NCES CIP-to-SOC crosswalk maps 19 programs to this occupation. The largest are Communication and Media Studies, Rhetoric and Composition/Writing Studies, Journalism, Communication, plus 4 more. Together they graduate about 78,224 people a year.
How much do writers and authors earn?+
The median is $76,910 a year (BLS OEWS May 2025). The middle range runs from $44,310 at the 10th percentile to $139,870 at the 90th. This is pay for people already working in the occupation, not the same thing as graduate earnings one year after finishing a degree.
Is demand for writers and authors growing?+
BLS projects a +3.6% change in employment between 2024 and 2034, about as fast as average, with roughly 13,400 openings a year nationally once retirements and job changes are counted.
How many schools offer programs for this career?+
1,471 institutions reported graduates from at least one of the 19 programs that feed this occupation in IPEDS 2024-25. Rankings on this page use graduates per year, because the federal data publishes no enrollment count by program.
What other job titles do writers and authors work under?+
Employers advertise this work under many names. O*NET records Author, Novelist, Copywriter, Songwriter, Freelance Writer, Freelance Copywriter among the most commonly reported, all mapping to SOC 27-3043.
About the data on this page
Rankings use IPEDS completions 2024-25, degrees awarded per year. That is the closest federal measure of how many people a program puts into a career, because no federal dataset publishes enrollment by program. Wages and employment come from BLS OEWS May 2025, growth and openings from BLS Employment Projections 2024-34, and which majors lead to which jobs from the NCES CIP 2020 to SOC 2018 crosswalk. Occupation descriptions, tasks, skills and tools are O*NET 30.3 (CC BY 4.0, U.S. Department of Labor/ETA).
BLS Occupational Employment & Wage Statistics
May 2025Wages, employment counts, location quotients and metro breakdowns.
BLS Employment Projections
2024–34Projected growth, annual openings and typical entry-level education.
IPEDS Completions
2024-25 (provisional)Graduates per year by program and institution — the ranking metric.
College Scorecard, Field of Study
2020-21 cohortsMedian graduate earnings one year after completion, and median debt.
Census Post-Secondary Employment Outcomes
latest availableGraduate earnings 1/5/10 years out, where the state participates.
NCES CIP 2020 and the CIP-to-SOC 2018 crosswalk
CIP 2020 / SOC 2018Which college programs officially lead to this occupation.
O*NET Database 30.3
30.3Tasks, skills, knowledge, tools, job zone and alternate job titles.
Official source →CC BY 4.0, U.S. Department of Labor / ETA
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