Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations·SOC 19-2021

Best degree programs for Atmospheric and Space Scientists, ranked by enrollment

5 college programs and 98 schools train Atmospheric and Space Scientists. Compare graduates per year, cost and pay, $99,070 median wage, 10,000 U.S. jobs. Federal data.

5 college programs at 98 schools train atmospheric and space scientists, graduating 1,407 people a year (IPEDS completions). The largest is Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General. The job pays a median of $99,070 (BLS OEWS May 2025).

Graduates / yr
1,407
from every feeder program
Median annual wage
$99,070
BLS OEWS May 2025
Projected growth
+0.7%
Little or no change
Openings / yr
700
new plus replacement
Schools
98
with a feeder program
States with jobs
41
BLS reports wages

About atmospheric and space scientists

Investigate atmospheric phenomena and interpret meteorological data, gathered by surface and air stations, satellites, and radar to prepare reports and forecasts for public and other uses. Includes weather analysts and forecasters whose functions require the detailed knowledge of meteorology.

Also calledForecasterMeteorologistGeneral ForecasterResearch MeteorologistTrackerAerologistWeathermanAir AnalystAstrochemistStorm ChaserClimatologistTornado Chaser

Fields of study that lead to this job

Grouped at the 4-digit CIP level, the tier our program pages are built on. Numbers are graduates per year.

5 degree programs that lead to this job

Ranked by graduates per year (IPEDS completions). Graduate earnings and debt are College Scorecard figures for people who finished the program, reported at the 4-digit CIP level, so specializations within one field share a figure. That is a different measurement from the occupation-wide wages further down this page.

Degree programs that lead to this occupation, ranked by graduates per year
#ProgramGraduates / yrShare of pipelineSchoolsGrad earnings (1 yr)Median debt
1
CIP 40.0401
953
67.7%
70$41,430$25,500
2
Meteorologymain feeder
CIP 40.0404
276
19.6%
27$41,430$25,500
3
Climate Sciencemain feeder
CIP 30.3501
127
9.0%
7
4
CIP 40.0499
44
3.1%
8$41,430$25,500
5
CIP 40.0402
7
0.5%
2$41,430$25,500

Top 50 schools by graduates into this job

Counting every feeder program a school offers, not just its largest one.

Schools ranked by graduates per year into this occupation
#SchoolGraduates / yrTop feeder programGrad rateNet priceAcceptance
1Columbia University in the City of New York
New York, NY Private not-for-profit · 1 feeder programs
105Climate Science96%$15,3154%
2University of Oklahoma - Norman Campus
Norman, OK Public · 1 feeder programs
79Meteorology75%77%
3Pennsylvania State University - Main Campus
University Park, PA Public · 1 feeder programs
56Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General86%61%
4University of Washington - Seattle Campus
Seattle, WA Public · 2 feeder programs
54Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General85%39%
5Pennsylvania State University - World Campus
University Park, PA Public · 2 feeder programs
49Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General34%91%
6University of Missouri - Columbia
Columbia, MO Public · 1 feeder programs
44Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General75%78%
7Texas A&M University - College Station
College Station, TX Public · 1 feeder programs
43Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General84%57%
8University of Wisconsin - Madison
Madison, WI Public · 1 feeder programs
42Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General90%45%
9Florida State University
Tallahassee, FL Public · 1 feeder programs
41Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General86%24%
10University of Colorado Boulder
Boulder, CO Public · 1 feeder programs
40Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General74%78%
11University at Albany
Albany, NY Public · 3 feeder programs
35Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General61%69%
12University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
Ann Arbor, MI Public · 3 feeder programs
35Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General93%16%
13Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Blacksburg, VA Public · 1 feeder programs
35Meteorology86%55%
14University of California - Los Angeles
Los Angeles, CA Public · 1 feeder programs
30Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General93%9%
15University of Illinois Urbana - Champaign
Champaign, IL Public · 1 feeder programs
28Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General85%42%
16University of Maryland - College Park
College Park, MD Public · 1 feeder programs
27Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General89%45%
17Colorado State University - Fort Collins
Fort Collins, CO Public · 2 feeder programs
26Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General67%89%
18Rutgers University - New Brunswick
New Brunswick, NJ Public · 2 feeder programs
24Meteorology84%58%
19Millersville University of Pennsylvania
Millersville, PA Public · 1 feeder programs
21Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General58%86%
20University of Utah
Salt Lake City, UT Public · 1 feeder programs
20Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General65%86%
21Embry - Riddle Aeronautical University - Daytona Beach
Daytona Beach, FL Private not-for-profit · 1 feeder programs
18Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General67%$38,89965%
22Iowa State University
Ames, IA Public · 2 feeder programs
18Meteorology75%89%
23Purdue University - Main Campus
West Lafayette, IN Public · 1 feeder programs
18Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General83%50%
24University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA Private not-for-profit · 1 feeder programs
18Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General97%$22,0555%
25University of North Carolina at Charlotte
Charlotte, NC Public · 1 feeder programs
17Meteorology69%80%
26George Mason University
Fairfax, VA Public · 1 feeder programs
16Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General68%87%
27Plymouth State University
Plymouth, NH Public · 2 feeder programs
16Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General52%88%
28North Carolina State University at Raleigh
Raleigh, NC Public · 1 feeder programs
15Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General85%42%
29Northern Illinois University
Dekalb, IL Public · 1 feeder programs
15Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General49%70%
30University of Georgia
Athens, GA Public · 1 feeder programs
14Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General90%38%
31University of North Dakota
Grand Forks, ND Public · 1 feeder programs
14Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General60%77%
32Saint Cloud State University
Saint Cloud, MN Public · 1 feeder programs
13Meteorology40%95%
33Northern Arizona University
Flagstaff, AZ Public · 1 feeder programs
12Climate Science61%90%
34University of Nevada - Reno
Reno, NV Public · 1 feeder programs
12Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General61%74%
35University of South Alabama
Mobile, AL Public · 1 feeder programs
12Meteorology53%71%
36Ohio State University - Main Campus
Columbus, OH Public · 1 feeder programs
11Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General88%61%
37University of Arizona
Tucson, AZ Public · 1 feeder programs
11Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General68%86%
38University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee
Milwaukee, WI Public · 2 feeder programs
11Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General49%91%
39Princeton University
Princeton, NJ Private not-for-profit · 1 feeder programs
10Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General98%$13,7295%
40University of California - Davis
Davis, CA Public · 1 feeder programs
10Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General86%42%
41University of California - San Diego
La Jolla, CA Public · 1 feeder programs
10Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other86%27%
42University of Hawaii at Manoa
Honolulu, HI Public · 1 feeder programs
10Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General64%87%
43University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Lincoln, NE Public · 2 feeder programs
10Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General67%87%
44Western Illinois University
Macomb, IL Public · 1 feeder programs
10Meteorology45%71%
45Florida Institute of Technology
Melbourne, FL Private not-for-profit · 1 feeder programs
9Meteorology64%$33,58558%
46Oregon State University
Corvallis, OR Public · 1 feeder programs
9Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other70%77%
47University of Kansas
Lawrence, KS Public · 1 feeder programs
9Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General69%93%
48Cornell University
Ithaca, NY Private not-for-profit · 1 feeder programs
8Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General95%$17,6139%
49Texas A & M University - Corpus Christi
Corpus Christi, TX Public · 1 feeder programs
8Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General40%89%
50University of Miami
Coral Gables, FL Private not-for-profit · 2 feeder programs
8Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General84%$26,58919%

What atmospheric and space scientists earn

What people already working in this job earn (BLS OEWS May 2025). Not graduate earnings.

Median annual wage
$99,070
Mean annual
$106,110
Median hourly
$47.63/hr
People employed
10,000
What the range looks like
10th pct$53,060Median$99,07090th pct$161,890

Top-paying metro areas

Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN
$133,490median
50 jobs
New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ
$128,790median
260 jobs
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA
$151,000median
30 jobs
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY
$134,060median
70 jobs
Indianapolis-Carmel-Greenwood, IN
$107,690median
40 jobs
Reno, NV
$115,650median
70 jobs
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV
$117,600median
700 jobs
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI
$127,070median
40 jobs

Job outlook

Bureau of Labor Statistics Employment Projections, 2024 to 2034.

Projected growth 2024–34
+0.7%
Little or no change
Openings per year
700
new jobs plus replacements
Employment change
100
9,400 → 9,500
Typical entry education
Bachelor's degree

Where the jobs are, state by state

Pick a state for in-state pay, the schools there, and the programs they run.

This occupation state by state: pay, jobs, and schools
StateMedian payJobsConcentrationSchoolsGraduates / yr
New York$117,5403700.59×7165
Pennsylvaniamoderate$75,8901600.41×4144
Oklahomalimited$76,4804203.78×179
Florida$115,9602700.43×577
Coloradomoderate$104,6701,1506.22×476
Texas$84,9907200.80×567
California$124,9205100.43×662
Illinoismoderate$112,2801100.27×458
Washingtonlimited$94,4001900.82×256
Wisconsinlimited$85,8702801.49×253
Missourilimited$114,2301600.83×251
Virginialimited$83,8803501.31×251
Michiganmoderate$103,2101500.54×343
North Carolina$91,5601700.53×541
Indianamoderate$103,680800.37×438
Arizona$115,020800.36×636
New Jerseylimited$120,180600.20×234
Marylandlimited$128,8007504.21×127
Utahmoderate$96,5201701.50×323
Iowalimited$76,8501001.03×118
Georgialimited$96,8201700.54×217
New Hampshirelimited$42,8201303.00×116
Alabamalimited$81,0803402.49×215
Ohiomoderate$78,5801600.46×315
North Dakotalimited$91,560401.51×114
Minnesotalimited$106,270500.29×113
Nevadalimited$109,3001201.19×112
Massachusettslimited$108,050211
Hawaiilimited$121,010701.69×110
Nebraskalimited$60,5401602.44×110
Kansaslimited$109,300800.89×19
Oregonlimited$112,2601000.82×19
Wyominglimited$99,940402.22×18
Connecticutlimited$85,110500.41×17
Kentuckylimited$103,2401000.77×17
Louisianalimited$97,470700.60×16
South Dakotalimited$78,9001304.46×15
South Carolinalimited$82,2401500.99×14
District of Columbialimited$103,860701.64×13
Alaskalimited$94,38011
West Virginialimited$80,690400.95×11

Skills and tools

From O*NET, the U.S. Department of Labor's occupational database. Importance is a 1 to 5 scale.

What they do day to day

  • Develop or use mathematical or computer models for weather forecasting.
  • Interpret data, reports, maps, photographs, or charts to predict long- or short-range weather conditions, using computer models and knowledge of climate theory, physics, and mathematics.
  • Conduct meteorological research into the processes or determinants of atmospheric phenomena, weather, or climate.
  • Formulate predictions by interpreting environmental data, such as meteorological, atmospheric, oceanic, paleoclimate, climate, or related information.
  • Broadcast weather conditions, forecasts, or severe weather warnings to the public via television, radio, or the Internet or provide this information to the news media.
  • Prepare forecasts or briefings to meet the needs of industry, business, government, or other groups.
  • Gather data from sources such as surface or upper air stations, satellites, weather bureaus, or radar for use in meteorological reports or forecasts.
  • Develop computer programs to collect meteorological data or to present meteorological information.

Skills

  • Reading Comprehension4.1
  • Active Listening4.0
  • Critical Thinking4.0
  • Active Learning4.0
  • Speaking4.0
  • Science4.0
  • Writing3.9
  • Mathematics3.4

Knowledge areas

  • Mathematics4.4
  • Physics4.4
  • Geography4.4
  • Computers and Electronics4.2
  • English Language3.8
  • Communications and Media3.2

Abilities

  • Oral Expression4.3
  • Written Comprehension4.1
  • Inductive Reasoning4.1
  • Oral Comprehension4.1
  • Deductive Reasoning4.0
  • Problem Sensitivity3.9

Core activities

  • Working with Computers4.8
  • Analyzing Data or Information4.8
  • Getting Information4.6
  • Processing Information4.3
  • Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge4.3
  • Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others4.2

Tools and technology

hotmarks an O*NET hot technology
Adobe PhotoshophotC++hotFacebookhotIBM SPSS StatisticshotLinuxhotMicrosoft AccesshotMicrosoft ExcelhotMicrosoft Office softwarehotMicrosoft OutlookhotMicrosoft PowerPointhot

How to get in

How to become a Atmospheric

Job zone 4 of 5 · SVP 7.0 to < 8.0
Typical entry education
Bachelor's degree

Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's degree, but some do not.

A considerable amount of work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is needed for these occupations. For example, an accountant must complete four years of college and work for several years in accounting to be considered qualified.

Employees in these occupations usually need several years of work-related experience, on-the-job training, and/or vocational training.

Every major mapped to this job

The official federal mapping behind the rankings above.

All 7 majors mapped to Atmospheric and Space Scientists5 of them graduated someone in the latest IPEDS year. NCES CIP 2020 → SOC 2018 crosswalk.+
  • 30.3501Climate Science
  • 30.5001Mathematics and Atmospheric/Oceanic Science(no graduates reported)
  • 40.0401Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General
  • 40.0402Atmospheric Chemistry and Climatology
  • 40.0403Atmospheric Physics and Dynamics(no graduates reported)
  • 40.0404Meteorology
  • 40.0499Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other

Related careers

Jobs O*NET identifies as close to this one, with their own pay and outlook.

Common questions

What degree do you need to become an Atmospheric?+

Bachelor's degree is the typical entry-level education BLS reports for this occupation. The most common program people actually graduate from is Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General, which awarded 953 degrees in 2024-25, 67.7% of everyone graduating from a program that feeds this career.

Which college majors lead to becoming an Atmospheric?+

The NCES CIP-to-SOC crosswalk maps 5 programs to this occupation. The largest are Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Climate Science. Together they graduate about 1,407 people a year.

How much do atmospheric and space scientists earn?+

The median is $99,070 a year (BLS OEWS May 2025). The middle range runs from $53,060 at the 10th percentile to $161,890 at the 90th. This is pay for people already working in the occupation, not the same thing as graduate earnings one year after finishing a degree.

Is demand for atmospheric and space scientists growing?+

BLS projects a +0.7% change in employment between 2024 and 2034, little or no change, with roughly 700 openings a year nationally once retirements and job changes are counted.

How many schools offer programs for this career?+

98 institutions reported graduates from at least one of the 5 programs that feed this occupation in IPEDS 2024-25. Rankings on this page use graduates per year, because the federal data publishes no enrollment count by program.

What other job titles do atmospheric and space scientists work under?+

Employers advertise this work under many names. O*NET records Forecaster, Meteorologist, General Forecaster, Research Meteorologist among the most commonly reported, all mapping to SOC 19-2021.

About the data on this page

Rankings use IPEDS completions 2024-25, degrees awarded per year. That is the closest federal measure of how many people a program puts into a career, because no federal dataset publishes enrollment by program. Wages and employment come from BLS OEWS May 2025, growth and openings from BLS Employment Projections 2024-34, and which majors lead to which jobs from the NCES CIP 2020 to SOC 2018 crosswalk. Occupation descriptions, tasks, skills and tools are O*NET 30.3 (CC BY 4.0, U.S. Department of Labor/ETA).

  • BLS Occupational Employment & Wage Statistics

    May 2025

    Wages, employment counts, location quotients and metro breakdowns.

  • BLS Employment Projections

    2024–34

    Projected growth, annual openings and typical entry-level education.

  • IPEDS Completions

    2024-25 (provisional)

    Graduates per year by program and institution — the ranking metric.

  • College Scorecard, Field of Study

    2020-21 cohorts

    Median graduate earnings one year after completion, and median debt.

  • Census Post-Secondary Employment Outcomes

    latest available

    Graduate earnings 1/5/10 years out, where the state participates.

  • NCES CIP 2020 and the CIP-to-SOC 2018 crosswalk

    CIP 2020 / SOC 2018

    Which college programs officially lead to this occupation.

  • O*NET Database 30.3

    30.3

    Tasks, skills, knowledge, tools, job zone and alternate job titles.

    Official source →CC BY 4.0, U.S. Department of Labor / ETA

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