Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations·SOC 49-9045

Best degree programs for Refractory Materials Repairers, ranked by enrollment

1 college programs and 268 schools train Refractory Materials Repairers. Compare graduates per year, cost and pay, $61,290 median wage, 1,080 U.S. jobs. Federal data.

1 college programs at 268 schools train refractory materials repairers, graduating 9,155 people a year (IPEDS completions). The largest is Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician. The job pays a median of $61,290 (BLS OEWS May 2025).

Graduates / yr
9,155
from every feeder program
Median annual wage
$61,290
BLS OEWS May 2025
Projected growth
-16.9%
Decline
Openings / yr
100
new plus replacement
Schools
268
with a feeder program
States with jobs
6
BLS reports wages

About refractory materials repairers

Build or repair equipment such as furnaces, kilns, cupolas, boilers, converters, ladles, soaking pits, and ovens, using refractory materials.

Also calledLadle LinerCupola RepairerRefractory BricklayerRefractory TechnicianStopperCell RelinerHot RepairmanStopper MakerLadle RepairerLadle RepairmanFurnace RepairerKiln Door Builder

Fields of study that lead to this job

Grouped at the 4-digit CIP level, the tier our program pages are built on. Numbers are graduates per year.

1 degree programs that lead to this job

Ranked by graduates per year (IPEDS completions). Graduate earnings and debt are College Scorecard figures for people who finished the program, reported at the 4-digit CIP level, so specializations within one field share a figure. That is a different measurement from the occupation-wide wages further down this page.

Degree programs that lead to this occupation, ranked by graduates per year
#ProgramGraduates / yrShare of pipelineSchoolsGrad earnings (1 yr)Median debt
1
CIP 47.0303
9,155
100.0%
268$51,920$9,786

Top 50 schools by graduates into this job

Counting every feeder program a school offers, not just its largest one.

Schools ranked by graduates per year into this occupation
#SchoolGraduates / yrTop feeder programGrad rateNet priceAcceptance
1Bluegrass Community and Technical College
Lexington, KY Public · 1 feeder programs
474Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician43%
2Southcentral Kentucky Community and Technical College
Bowling Green, KY Public · 1 feeder programs
375Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician58%
3Elizabethtown Community and Technical College
Elizabethtown, KY Public · 1 feeder programs
303Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician59%
4Georgia Northwestern Technical College
Rome, GA Public · 1 feeder programs
249Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician43%
5Ivy Tech Community College
Indianapolis, IN Public · 1 feeder programs
234Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician40%
6Owensboro Community and Technical College
Owensboro, KY Public · 1 feeder programs
228Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician54%
7Gadsden State Community College
Gadsden, AL Public · 1 feeder programs
224Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician38%
8Des Moines Area Community College
Ankeny, IA Public · 1 feeder programs
222Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician39%
9J F Ingram State Technical College
Deatsville, AL Public · 1 feeder programs
176Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician21%
10Jefferson Community and Technical College
Louisville, KY Public · 1 feeder programs
172Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician35%
11Chattahoochee Technical College
Marietta, GA Public · 1 feeder programs
170Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician38%
12Southern Union State Community College
Wadley, AL Public · 1 feeder programs
162Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician36%
13Los Angeles Trade Technical College
Los Angeles, CA Public · 1 feeder programs
158Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician35%
14Somerset Community College
Somerset, KY Public · 1 feeder programs
153Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician43%
15Universal Technical Institute - Canton
Canton, MI Private for-profit · 1 feeder programs
151Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician64%$22,762
16Central Community College
Grand Island, NE Public · 1 feeder programs
138Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician48%
17Kirkwood Community College
Cedar Rapids, IA Public · 1 feeder programs
131Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician43%
18Gateway Community and Technical College
Florence, KY Public · 1 feeder programs
123Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician59%
19Great Basin College
Elko, NV Public · 1 feeder programs
102Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician41%
20West Georgia Technical College
Waco, GA Public · 1 feeder programs
97Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician35%
21Northwest Shoals Community College
Muscle Shoals, AL Public · 1 feeder programs
96Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician39%
22Universal Technical Institute of Texas Inc.
Houston, TX Private for-profit · 1 feeder programs
83Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician60%$22,532
23Big Sandy Community and Technical College
Prestonsburg, KY Public · 1 feeder programs
80Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician38%
24Philadelphia Technician Training
Philadelphia, PA Private not-for-profit · 1 feeder programs
79Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician50%$22,992
25Tennessee College of Applied Technology - Shelbyville
Shelbyville, TN Public · 1 feeder programs
75Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician81%
26Lakeshore Technical College
Cleveland, WI Public · 1 feeder programs
73Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician50%
27Lanier Technical College
Gainesville, GA Public · 1 feeder programs
73Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician34%
28Joliet Junior College
Joliet, IL Public · 1 feeder programs
72Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician21%
29Rend Lake College
Ina, IL Public · 1 feeder programs
72Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician63%
30Northeast Alabama Community College
Rainsville, AL Public · 1 feeder programs
70Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician56%
31San Joaquin Valley College - Modesto
Salida, CA Private for-profit · 1 feeder programs
69Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician77%$25,571
32Central Georgia Technical College
Warner Robins, GA Public · 1 feeder programs
67Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician47%
33Barstow Community College
Barstow, CA Public · 1 feeder programs
66Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician39%
34Davis Technical College
Kaysville, UT Public · 1 feeder programs
66Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician57%
35Portland Community College
Portland, OR Public · 1 feeder programs
66Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician18%
36Madison Area Technical College
Madison, WI Public · 1 feeder programs
64Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician29%
37Metropolitan Community College Area
Omaha, NE Public · 1 feeder programs
63Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician29%
38Milwaukee Area Technical College
Milwaukee, WI Public · 1 feeder programs
62Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician25%
39Savannah Technical College
Savannah, GA Public · 1 feeder programs
62Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician42%
40College of the Sequoias
Visalia, CA Public · 1 feeder programs
61Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician39%
41Cossatot Community College of the University of Arkansas
De Queen, AR Public · 1 feeder programs
61Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician54%
42Tennessee College of Applied Technology - Murfreesboro
Murfreesboro, TN Public · 1 feeder programs
61Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician76%
43Hopkinsville Community College
Hopkinsville, KY Public · 1 feeder programs
60Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician45%
44Bridgerland Technical College
Logan, UT Public · 1 feeder programs
59Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician75%
45Tennessee College of Applied Technology - Dickson
Dickson, TN Public · 1 feeder programs
59Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician74%
46Tennessee College of Applied Technology Northwest
Newbern, TN Public · 1 feeder programs
58Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician69%
47Maysville Community and Technical College
Maysville, KY Public · 1 feeder programs
57Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician56%
48Northwest Louisiana Technical Community College
Minden, LA Public · 1 feeder programs
56Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician77%
49Snead State Community College
Boaz, AL Public · 1 feeder programs
55Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician49%
50Tyler Junior College
Tyler, TX Public · 1 feeder programs
55Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician27%

What refractory materials repairers earn

What people already working in this job earn (BLS OEWS May 2025). Not graduate earnings.

Median annual wage
$61,290
Mean annual
$63,770
Median hourly
$29.47/hr
People employed
1,080
What the range looks like
10th pct$40,590Median$61,29090th pct$86,510

Top-paying metro areas

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA
$77,220median
Houston-Pasadena-The Woodlands, TX
$67,380median
50 jobs
Birmingham, AL
$49,260median
50 jobs

Job outlook

Bureau of Labor Statistics Employment Projections, 2024 to 2034.

Projected growth 2024–34
-16.9%
Decline
Openings per year
100
new jobs plus replacements
Employment change
-200
1,100 → 900
Typical entry education
High school diploma or equivalent
Plus moderate-term on-the-job training

Where the jobs are, state by state

Pick a state for in-state pay, the schools there, and the programs they run.

This occupation state by state: pay, jobs, and schools
StateMedian payJobsConcentrationSchoolsGraduates / yr
Alabama$47,6501107.68×16933
California$77,22022671
Indianalimited$74,600904.18×1234
Texas$67,3301301.32×8221
Ohio$58,4702506.50×12126
South Carolina$37,870502.94×6114

Skills and tools

From O*NET, the U.S. Department of Labor's occupational database. Importance is a 1 to 5 scale.

What they do day to day

  • Reline or repair ladles and pouring spouts with refractory clay, using trowels.
  • Chip slag from linings of ladles or remove linings when beyond repair, using hammers and chisels.
  • Mix specified amounts of sand, clay, mortar powder, and water to form refractory clay or mortar, using shovels or mixing machines.
  • Measure furnace walls to determine dimensions and cut required number of sheets from plastic block, using saws.
  • Dry and bake new linings by placing inverted linings over burners, building fires in ladles, or by using blowtorches.
  • Remove worn or damaged plastic block refractory linings of furnaces, using hand tools.
  • Climb scaffolding, carrying hoses, and spray surfaces of cupolas with refractory mixtures, using spray equipment.
  • Spread mortar on stopper heads and rods, using trowels, and slide brick sleeves over rods to form refractory jackets.

Skills

  • Active Listening3.0
  • Critical Thinking2.9
  • Reading Comprehension2.9
  • Monitoring2.8
  • Speaking2.8
  • Writing2.5
  • Active Learning2.4
  • Learning Strategies2.3

Knowledge areas

  • Mechanical3.5
  • Production and Processing3.0
  • Public Safety and Security2.7
  • English Language2.7
  • Mathematics2.6
  • Chemistry2.5

Abilities

  • Arm-Hand Steadiness3.6
  • Near Vision3.5
  • Extent Flexibility3.5
  • Manual Dexterity3.4
  • Control Precision3.4
  • Multilimb Coordination3.4

Core activities

  • Handling and Moving Objects4.3
  • Performing General Physical Activities4.0
  • Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events3.8
  • Making Decisions and Solving Problems3.7
  • Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment3.7
  • Getting Information3.7

Tools and technology

hotmarks an O*NET hot technology
Microsoft AccesshotMicrosoft ExcelhotMicrosoft OutlookhotMicrosoft PowerPointhotMicrosoft WordhotMaintenance management softwareTime tracking software

How to get in

How to become a Refractory Materials Repairer

Job zone 2 of 5 · SVP Below 6.0
Typical entry education
High school diploma or equivalent
On-the-job training
Moderate-term on-the-job training

Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not.

Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training.

Ranges from a few days to one year of on-the-job training.

Every major mapped to this job

The official federal mapping behind the rankings above.

All 1 majors mapped to Refractory Materials Repairers1 of them graduated someone in the latest IPEDS year. NCES CIP 2020 → SOC 2018 crosswalk.+
  • 47.0303Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician

Related careers

Jobs O*NET identifies as close to this one, with their own pay and outlook.

Common questions

What degree do you need to become a Refractory Materials Repairer?+

High school diploma or equivalent is the typical entry-level education BLS reports for this occupation. The most common program people actually graduate from is Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician, which awarded 9,155 degrees in 2024-25, 100.0% of everyone graduating from a program that feeds this career.

Which college majors lead to becoming a Refractory Materials Repairer?+

The NCES CIP-to-SOC crosswalk maps 1 programs to this occupation. The largest are Heavy/Industrial Equipment Maintenance Technologies/Technicians. Together they graduate about 9,155 people a year.

How much do refractory materials repairers earn?+

The median is $61,290 a year (BLS OEWS May 2025). The middle range runs from $40,590 at the 10th percentile to $86,510 at the 90th. This is pay for people already working in the occupation, not the same thing as graduate earnings one year after finishing a degree.

Is demand for refractory materials repairers growing?+

BLS projects a -16.9% change in employment between 2024 and 2034, decline, with roughly 100 openings a year nationally once retirements and job changes are counted.

How many schools offer programs for this career?+

268 institutions reported graduates from at least one of the 1 programs that feed this occupation in IPEDS 2024-25. Rankings on this page use graduates per year, because the federal data publishes no enrollment count by program.

What other job titles do refractory materials repairers work under?+

Employers advertise this work under many names. O*NET records Ladle Liner, Cupola Repairer, Refractory Bricklayer, Refractory Technician among the most commonly reported, all mapping to SOC 49-9045.

Refractory Materials Repairers by stateAlabamaCaliforniaIndianaTexasOhioSouth Carolina

About the data on this page

Rankings use IPEDS completions 2024-25, degrees awarded per year. That is the closest federal measure of how many people a program puts into a career, because no federal dataset publishes enrollment by program. Wages and employment come from BLS OEWS May 2025, growth and openings from BLS Employment Projections 2024-34, and which majors lead to which jobs from the NCES CIP 2020 to SOC 2018 crosswalk. Occupation descriptions, tasks, skills and tools are O*NET 30.3 (CC BY 4.0, U.S. Department of Labor/ETA).

  • BLS Occupational Employment & Wage Statistics

    May 2025

    Wages, employment counts, location quotients and metro breakdowns.

  • BLS Employment Projections

    2024–34

    Projected growth, annual openings and typical entry-level education.

  • IPEDS Completions

    2024-25 (provisional)

    Graduates per year by program and institution — the ranking metric.

  • College Scorecard, Field of Study

    2020-21 cohorts

    Median graduate earnings one year after completion, and median debt.

  • Census Post-Secondary Employment Outcomes

    latest available

    Graduate earnings 1/5/10 years out, where the state participates.

  • NCES CIP 2020 and the CIP-to-SOC 2018 crosswalk

    CIP 2020 / SOC 2018

    Which college programs officially lead to this occupation.

  • O*NET Database 30.3

    30.3

    Tasks, skills, knowledge, tools, job zone and alternate job titles.

    Official source →CC BY 4.0, U.S. Department of Labor / ETA

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